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2024年全國醫(yī)學(xué)英語水平考試（METS三級）練習(xí)題及答案四,更多相關(guān)資訊請繼續(xù)查看易考吧全國醫(yī)護英語水平考試
1). Yawn■1.We do know lots of interesting things about yawning: you start yawning in uterus；you yawn when you′ re aroused； and more than half of you will yawn if you see someone else yawn.While fatigue, drowsiness or boredom easily bring on yawns, scientists are discovering there′s more to yawning than most people think.Not much is known about why we yawn or if it serves any useful function, and very little research has been done on the subject.However, there are several theories about why we yawn.■2.Scientists propose that our bodies induce yawning to draw in more oxygen or remove a buildup of carbon dioxide.This theory helps explain why we yawn in groups.Larger groups produce more carbon dioxide, which means our bodies would act to draw in more oxygen and get rid of the excess carbon dioxide.However, if our bodies make us yawn to draw in needed oxygen, wouldn′t we yawn during exercise?■3.Some think that yawning began with our ancestors, who used yawning to show their teeth and intimidate others.An offshoot of this theory is the idea that yawning developed from early man as a signal for us to change activities.Another speculated reason for yawning is the desire to stretch one′s muscles.Yawns are often accompanied by the urge to stretch.Prey animals must be ready to physically exert themselves at any given moment.There have been studies that suggest yawning， especially psychological“contagious,” may have developed as a way of keeping a group of animals alert.If an animal is drowsy or bored, it may not be as alert as it should to be prepared to spring into action.Therefore, the“contagious”yawn could be an instinctual reaction to a signal from one member of the“herd” reminding the others to stay alert.■4.A more recent theory proposed by researchers is that since people yawn more in situations where their brains are likely to be warmer- tested by having some subjects breathe through their noses or press hot or cold packs to their foreheads ——it′s a way to cool down their brains.In 2007, researchers, including a professor of psychology, from the University of Albany proposed that yawning may be a means to keep the brain cool.Mammalian brains operate best within a narrow temperature range.In two experiments,they demonstrated that both subjects with cold packs attached to their foreheads and subjects asked to breathe strictly nasally exhibited reduced contagious yawning when watching videos of people yawning.■5.Recent studies show contagious yawning may be linked to one′s capacity for empathy.In one study， autistic and non autistic children were shown videos of people yawning and people simply moving their mouths.Both groups of kids yawned the same amount when viewing the video of people moving their mouths.But the non- autistic kids yawned much more frequently than those with autism when watching people really yawning.Since autism is a disorder that affects a person′s social interaction skills,including the ability to empathize with others, the autistic kids′ lack of yawning when watching others do so could indicate they′ re less empathetic.The study also found the more severe a child′s autism, the less likely he or she was to yawn.choose the most suitable subheading from list A-F for each paragraph of the passage.Paragraph 5( )
A.The physiological explanation
B.Why do we yawn?
C.Contagious yawning and empathy
D.The brain-cooling hypothesis
E.Various possible situations to occur
F.The evolution theory

正確答案：C
2). Refusing to Give CPR：Should Policy Defeat Common Sense？■A recent news story generated passionate comments in the TV and internet about whether or not a nurse working in a non-nursing role had a duty to perform CPR(Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation)on a resident of an independent living facility who had collapsed while eating in the dining room.This nurse allegedly refused to perform CPR on the resident despite a 911 dispatcher′s pleas，citing“facility policy”that prohibited employees from providing assistance and directed staff to wait for emergency responders.The resident ultimately died.A facility spokesperson reportedly supported the employee′s actions and their“policy.”Later accounts revealed that the family of the resident，who was 87，stated she wouldn′t have wanted CPR.I hope that was indeed the case.■This situation brings to the forefront some very distressing social issues.Most worrisome are the arguments that followed in the media against intervening in an emergency.There were many reasons which included fears about lawyers，legal responsibilities，and confusion over Good Samaritan laws.In general，these arguments legitimatized the“facility policy”that kept the employee from helping the resident.I wonder if expectations would be any different if a“facility policy”advocator needed emergency care.■What happens to our humanity if we promote following a policy over saving a life？Apparently our risk-averse culture is enabling common sense and ethics to take a backseat to actions influenced by fears of real or imagined responsibility.■Plain and simple policies should not stand in the way of saving lives.To be clear，I′m not referring to situations that involve people with known advance directives or“do-not-resuscitate”orders or even scene or personal safety issues that would place a rescuer in harm′s way and potentially increase the number of victims.There are certainly legitimate reasons to stand back.But to make a conscious decision to watch someone die when basic interventions may help flies in the face of human decency and all we′ve been taught as nurses.It also undermines the very concept of the“Chain of Survival”advocated by the American Heart Association in support of performing CPR.■Medicine was founded on the principle of，“First，Do No Harm.”As we celebr：ate Nurses Week，my personal plea is that we act to assure that our society doesn′t decline to the principle of，“First，Do Nothing.”Some nursing facilities forbid staff from providing emergency assistance in fear of potential legal duties.( )
A.Right
B.Not Mentioned
C.Wrong

正確答案：A

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